Cannabinoids Epidemic – Why Parents Should Be Alarmed
- Brainz Magazine
- Nov 10
- 10 min read
Berta Kaguako is the Co-Founder and Managing Director for EthVida, a patient educational platform that promotes plant medicine and a holistic healthcare approach. As a patient herself, Berta has made a remarkable transformation, using cannabis based medical products to manage 7 diagnoses and 50+ symptoms. And now advocates for plant medicine.
As novel cannabinoids flood online markets under the guise of “legal highs” or “medical-grade alternatives,” a silent epidemic is taking hold across the UK. From school vape seizures to misleading marketing aimed at teens, these unregulated substances, like Delta-8, THCP, and HHC, pose real and rising dangers. Parents, educators, and communities must now confront an unsettling truth, accessibility does not equal safety.
The rise of a hidden trend
Over recent years, the UK has witnessed a concerning surge in the availability and use of novel cannabinoids, substances such as Delta-8-THC, THCP, and Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC). Though these compounds are often promoted online as being “medical-grade,” “legal,” or safe alternatives to regulated cannabis, the reality is far more complex and far more worrying.
In the UK, many of these substances are not licensed for medical use, and their legal status is ambiguous at best. For example, HHC is described as unregulated and untested, yet it is readily available via online shops or social media-driven delivery.[1]
Because of this accessibility, especially via the internet, teenagers are increasingly exposed to these substances, often unaware of their true nature, risks, or legality.
Legal loopholes and marketing myths parents should know
When the laws around cannabis use, CBD, and other cannabinoids changed, some vendors capitalised on grey areas by marketing new synthetic or semi-synthetic cannabinoids. These products frequently come with claims like “medical grade,” “safe,” or “legal worldwide,” claims that are often misleading.
For example:
HHC is synthesised from hemp-derived CBD, but its psychoactive effects and lack of oversight make its safety questionable.[1]
The UK’s Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) has noted that several “semi-synthetic cannabinoids” (SSCs) are not captured by existing legislation, yet may produce effects similar to Δ⁹-THC.
Many online vendors exploit this grey zone, selling products that are not explicitly banned but are unregulated, untested, and marketed to younger audiences. For example, “websites can be accessed via the open internet that claim to sell SSCs.”
In short, the presence of a product online does not mean it is safe, legal, or medical-grade.
Accessibility and teen use: Why it matters
Because these substances are easily purchased online via websites, social media posts, and direct delivery, they have become accessible to younger people, including teenagers. Anecdotal reports and early data show them being used in vape pens, edibles, and other formats that appeal to youth.
Alarmingly:
A UK-based article found that in a sample of nearly 2,000 confiscated vapes from schools, about 13% contained synthetic cannabinoids, and in some areas, this reached 25%.[2]
Prevalence data from the UK shows that among 13–14-year-old adolescents (England and Wales, 2019–20), 0.6% reported using synthetic cannabinoids in their lifetime. While this figure appears small, the study emphasises the increased risk of mental health issues among those who had used them.[3]
Though not specific to teenagers, detections of newer semi-synthetic cannabinoids in the UK have increased. The ACMD reported that HHC was “by far” the most frequently detected SSC in recent years.
These patterns indicate that although the numbers may still be emerging, the trajectory is one of rising concern, especially since teenagers may have less awareness of risks, are more vulnerable to peer pressure, and may assume “legal” means “safe.”
Why it’s dangerous
There are multiple layers of danger associated with these new cannabinoid products:
Unregulated composition and potency. Products may contain vastly differing amounts of active compounds, unknown to the user. HHC products, for instance, often don’t specify whether the psychoactive stereoisomer (9R-HHC) or the weaker 9S-HHC is present.[1]
Health risks and adverse effects. The ACMD report documents neurological (e.g., somnolence), cardiovascular (e.g., rapid heart rate), gastrointestinal, and psychiatric effects (e.g., anxiety, hallucinations, psychosis) associated with SSC use. A study of UK adolescents found that the use of synthetic cannabinoids was significantly associated with probable depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, and auditory hallucinations.[3]
Misleading “medical” language. Marketing that claims “medical grade” or “safe alternative” can mislead users and parents. The reality is that medical-grade cannabinoid treatments in the UK are tightly regulated, supplied through specialist clinics, with quality control and licensing, none of which apply to easily purchased online HHC or THCP products.[1]
Legal confusion. Just because something is sold openly does not guarantee legality or safety. HHC, for instance, sits in a grey area in UK law. It is not explicitly listed under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 yet may be covered under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016.[4]
Teen vulnerabilities. Adolescents are still developing mentally, may have less capacity to assess risk, and may assume something accessible online is “okay.” The fact that vapes targeting teens contain synthetic cannabinoids, rather than simple THC, makes the hazard higher.[2]
How to identify misuse in your teen
For parents, recognising misuse early is vital. Here are some red flags:
Sudden changes in behaviour: Mood swings, increased irritability, anxiety, or withdrawal from family or social circles.
Decline in school performance: Missed assignments, falling grades, skipping classes, lack of motivation.
Physical signs: Unexplained drowsiness, red or glassy eyes, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting.
Changes in sleep patterns or appetite: New insomnia, hypersomnia, or erratic eating habits.
Secretive behaviour around devices: Hiding vape pens, charging equipment in odd places, increased use of delivery packages.
New social circles or behaviours: New friends you don’t know, late nights, more time online, increased use of social apps.
Evidence of vapes, edibles, or “sweet” packaging: Some substances arrive as gummies, sweets, or edibles marketed as “cannabinoid” treats.
Medical or mental health complaints: Anxiety, panic, hallucinations, or feeling “weird high” or dissociated.
If you observe several of these signs, especially in combination, it may indicate your teen is using unregulated cannabinoid products.
Supporting your teen: What you can do
Support is crucial. Here’s how you can help your teenager navigate this:
Open non-judgemental dialogue: Start conversations early by saying something like, “I’ve heard about these new cannabinoid products online, what do you know about them?” Invite honesty without immediate punishment.
Educate together: Research the facts as a team. Show them how the substances are not the same as regulated medical ones. Discuss why “legal online” doesn’t always mean “safe”.
Set boundaries and expectations: Make clear family rules about substance use, device use, deliveries, social media purchases. But pair those rules with understanding, not just fear.
Lead by example: Model healthy behaviour around substance use, digital regulation, and self-care. Teens often mirror what they see.
Build alternatives and supports: Encourage positive outlets, sports, arts, clubs, hobbies, that channel their energy and curiosity away from risky alternatives.
Collaborate with school/peers: Let your teen’s school know your concerns (if appropriate). Peer-led interventions can have power when friends and classmates are educated.
Get professional help when needed: If you suspect serious misuse, changes in mental health, or psychosis, contact your GP, local CAMHS (Children & Adolescent Mental Health Services) or a social worker specialising in substance misuse.
Stay aware of what’s online: Monitor delivery packages, social media adverts, and new trends in the cannabinoid market. Awareness is your ally.
Create safe spaces for acknowledgement: If your teen confesses to use, respond with concern and care, not solely punishment. Withholding judgement helps them be honest and get help if needed.
Promote long-term resilience: Explain that shortcuts or “easy highs” often carry long-term cost. Help them cultivate decision-making skills that serve them well beyond adolescence.
Social worker Q&A: What we should ask
We sit with Tara McCue-Oliphant, who is a Social Worker and manages an adult community Mental Health team. Tara shares her experience of the rise of Cannabinoids in Social Care.
What trends are you currently seeing among adolescents in the UK with regard to these new cannabinoids (Delta-8, THCP, HHC)?
There is currently limited data around trends in the UK, but the little that exists shows an increase in teenagers encountering cannabinoids, specifically through vapes and edibles. As mentioned previously, the fact they are labelled as “legal” portrays a narrative that these are safe, making them appear more appealing. There has been a rise in accessibility and adolescents’ curiosity around these substances. One young person explained that one of the attractions of this substance over others is how easy it is to conceal. The concern is about the lack of understanding of the risks associated with cannabinoids.
Are teenagers, compared to adults, more susceptible to harm from these substances? If so, why?
Yes, teenagers are more at risk than adults due to the underdevelopment of the adolescent brain. As the brain is still developing, especially in areas such as decision-making, emotional regulation, and reward processing, cannabinoids interact more harshly with these regions in teens than in adults. This means that teens are more susceptible to adverse side effects such as anxiety, panic, cognitive impairments, and psychosis-like symptoms. Even occasional use can cause these effects. There is particular concern around semi-synthetic cannabinoids.
Could you describe the kinds of mental health or behavioural impacts you frequently see in teens who use these novel cannabinoids?
Yes. As mentioned previously, teens who use cannabinoids often present with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, they can experience psychotic-like symptoms and paranoia, which can lead to a higher chance of developing a psychotic disorder. Cognitive impairments, such as memory issues, are also prevalent among teens who use cannabinoids.
What role does social media, online delivery, and “grey market” marketing play in fuelling teen access?
The role social media plays in marketing cannabinoids is crucial and a big part of the issue. Many of the advertising styles come from influencer-style promotions that normalise the product and downplay any risks associated with use. In addition, algorithms that cater to users’ interests may mean that teens are constantly exposed to this type of marketing. We know that social media marketing can have an unconscious psychological impact on the brain, which could increase the desire to use these substances if exposure is frequent. Online delivery makes access to cannabinoids easy, highly visible, and more desirable, as purchasing is often unregulated.
What early signs should parents and teachers look out for that may indicate use of unregulated cannabinoids?
The main thing to look out for would be changes in mood or irritability. This may happen suddenly and differ from their usual behaviour. Additionally, watch for sudden changes in sleep patterns. If your teen vapes, they could be using cannabinoids. A sudden need for money without clear explanations of spending could also be a sign.
What support services are available for teenagers who are using or at risk of using these substances?
Each London borough has a substance use service for teens that can usually be accessed via self-referral or through another service. To find this, simply search for “children’s substance use service” within the borough you live in.
There is also:
Frank – 0300 123 6600 – offers free and confidential advice for young people about drug use.
Young Minds – offers support and advice for young people around drug and alcohol use.
How can families and schools work together proactively to reduce access, educate, and support young people?
That is a good question. I think the importance of shared, consistent messages to youth is key. Clear, evidence-based education for staff, parents, and children about the risks associated with cannabinoids, even on a recreational level, is essential. Real-life examples of how teens have been impacted can be a powerful message.
Workshops with specialist staff from substance use services would also be beneficial. Building relationships with young people and letting them know what support is available is important. Parents could also attend these sessions. Clear policies around the use of these products in schools would help deter usage. Additionally, stricter monitoring of internet use by parents, such as setting restrictions or being aware of online purchases, could help reduce access and use.
What policy or regulatory changes would you like to see to reduce youth access to these substances?
I think several policy changes could help reduce access to cannabinoids. Firstly, more regulation around online pop-up shops and tougher age verification measures are needed. More specific regulations should be introduced to reduce “grey market” sellers from promoting these products as legal.
Improved regulation and testing of vape liquids should also be prioritised. Monitoring of emerging substances needs to be increased. Finally, more regulations on social media, including restrictions on partnerships and paid promotions, would help reduce exposure.
Final thoughts
What started as quietly circulating online has grown into a full-blown public health concern: easy-to-buy cannabinoid products, masquerading as safe or legal, landing in the hands of teenagers who may not recognise the risk. The combination of marketing hype, legal grey zones, and youth vulnerability makes this a perfect storm.
For parents, educators, and communities, the message is clear. Stay informed. Be vigilant. Connect with your teenager. Talk openly and early. Recognise the signs. And if you need help, reach out. Because when access is easy and oversight minimal, the greatest safeguard swings back to relationships, communication, and awareness.
It’s not enough to hope it’s “just a fad.” For many teens, this is the doorway to longer-term harm, and we can act now.
Read more from Berta Kaguako
Berta Kaguako, Health and Social Care Consultant
Berta Kaguako is a Health and Social Care Consultant, with an Undergraduate in Psychotherapy and a Master's in Psychoanalysis. Berta’s background is in Mental Health, Substance Misuse and Children & Families, in both a therapeutic and senior management capacity, having won 3x Blooming Strong Awards (Recognition from UN for contribution to violence against Women). Berta is also the Co-Founder and Managing Director for EthVida, and independently runs the wellbeing service/educational platform.
References:
[1] CB1 Medical
[2] Tekale, G. (2025). “Spice-Laced ‘THC’ vapes sold to UK teens via social media: 1 in 4 school seizures contain synthetic cannabinoids.” Karmactive. (Karmactive)
[3] PubMed Central)
[4] Vibe Supply
[5] Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. (2025). ‘Semi-synthetic’ Cannabinoids: Cannabinoids related to tetrahydro-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. UK Government. (GOV.UK)
[6] UK Government. (2023-24). Children and young people’s substance misuse treatment statistics 2023 to 2024. (GOV.UK)
[7] UK Government. (2022-23). Young people’s substance misuse treatment statistics 2022 to 2023. (GOV.UK)
[8] Lane, R., et al. (2025). “Association of cannabis, cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoid use with mental health in UK adolescents.” The British Journal of Psychiatry. (Cambridge University Press & Assessment)
